{"id":67383,"date":"2025-12-12T11:14:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T19:14:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=67383"},"modified":"2025-12-12T11:14:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T19:14:12","slug":"fast-tracking-without-foresight-canadas-risky-approach-to-major-projects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/fast-tracking-without-foresight-canadas-risky-approach-to-major-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"Fast-tracking without foresight: Canada\u2019s risky approach to major projects"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation on Dec. 11, 2025.<\/em><\/p>\n

By Justina C. Ray<\/span><\/a> and Dave Poulton<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Over the summer, the Canadian government announced that it\u2019s setting up a Major Projects Office to\u00a0identify and fast-track<\/a>\u00a0projects deemed to be in the national interest. The projects under consideration are spread across Canada and focus on mining, power generation and port expansions.<\/p>\n

But\u00a0each update to the list<\/a>\u00a0throws a spotlight on a persistent gap in Canada\u2019s planning processes.\u00a0The federal government has signalled it wants to see these projects move quickly<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 but without a clear way to help ensure they proceed without sacrificing the climate resilience, biodiversity or community trust that\u00a0Canadians also value<\/a>.<\/p>\n

For example, the government has signalled interest in\u00a0expanding the Port of Churchill, Man.<\/a>, with new shipping, road, rail and energy infrastructure to support expanded Atlantic access for Prairie industries.<\/p>\n

These facilities would introduce industrial activity into Arctic and sub-Arctic ecosystems that have seen little prior disturbance and are already stressed by rapid climate change. The siting and design choices will be critical \u2014 raising questions about how early ecological risks are being weighed.<\/p>\n

What Canada needs alongside its list of major projects is a\u00a0principled, transparent<\/a>\u00a0sequence of steps that governs how those projects are planned and assessed.<\/p>\n

Without such a strategy,\u00a0the focus centres on pushing the project through<\/a>. And planners and policymakers fail to consider those early, fundamental questions about ecological risk, or whether the location and design make sense in the first place.<\/p>\n

Adopting a\u00a0well-established mitigation hierarchy<\/a>, as outlined in\u00a0our recent report<\/a>, can help Canada avoid the tangled and dysfunctional outcomes we see again and again in current planning and assessment processes.<\/p>\n

In this context, mitigation refers to the full set of tools available to deal with environmental impacts, applied in a clear sequence or hierarchy: first avoiding impacts where possible, then minimizing those that remain, then repairing damage on site, and only as a last resort compensating for residual losses elsewhere.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"a
The Port of Churchill, Man., in July 2018. An expansion of the port is one of the projects under consideration by the federal government.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/John Woods<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Step 1: Avoid harm with early-stage planning<\/h2>\n

Too often planners focus only on reducing impacts<\/a>\u00a0after basic design decisions are made. This leaves decision-makers boxed into weaker options than if they had first asked what could be avoided \u2014 and it can be far costlier as late-stage fixes mean redesigns, deeper ecological damage and heightened conflict.<\/p>\n

Effective planning requires backing up and taking in the big picture. What comes into view is a sweep of globally important, largely intact ecosystems \u2014 places that anchor our climate, support communities and sustain wildlife and their movements.<\/p>\n

That means the first step in any sensible hierarchy is to steer development away from places like sensitive\u00a0peatlands<\/a>,\u00a0areas important for biodiversity<\/a>,\u00a0cultural keystone places<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0headwaters that sustain vital watersheds<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Early-stage planning enables the most important questions to be asked<\/a>: Is the proposed option the best means of meeting the need, or do lower-cost or less damaging alternatives exist? Are projected ecological, climate and community impacts supported by evidence of commensurate economic and social outcomes?<\/p>\n

Answering these questions well\u00a0depends on strong baseline information<\/a>\u00a0about ecosystems and communities \u2014 something too often missing at the outset, causing delays while data is gathered.<\/p>\n

Governments can begin closing this gap by strengthening the evidence base needed to inform projects before they advance. This includes support for sustained regional ecological monitoring, Indigenous and community knowledge programs and fuller use of\u00a0strategic and regional impact assessments<\/a>. All of these measures can identify cumulative effects and landscape-level priorities and provide shared information for planning across entire regions.<\/p>\n

Delivering on the Liberal commitment to \u201cmap Canada\u2019s carbon and biodiversity-rich ecological landscapes<\/a>\u00a0\u2026 to enable a more holistic ecosystem approach to conservation, carbon accounting, and project development\u201d would substantially advance and improve early-stage planning. Integrating existing data held by public agencies, private proponents and consultants would further clarify environmental strengths and vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"A
B.C. Premier David Eby speaks during an announcement about the Ksi Lisims LNG project in Vancouver in September 2025 alongside Nisga’a Nation President Eva Clayton and Nisga’a CEO Andrew Robinson. Ksi Lisims is one of the projects being fast-tracked by the federal government.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Ethan Cairns<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Step 2: Minimize harm that cannot be avoided<\/h2>\n

Only after fully considering ways to avoid impacts should the focus shift to minimizing unavoidable damage. This is where\u00a0design and operational choices<\/a>\u00a0matter: adjusting scale, routing, timing and methods to reduce a project\u2019s footprint and its effects.<\/p>\n

In\u00a0ecologically intact regions<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 places where human pressures have not yet reached levels that compromise core ecological functions \u2014 minimization also means\u00a0confronting growth-inducing impacts head-on<\/a>\u00a0by limiting new access, managing roads and corridors and regulating the pace and scale of development to prevent cascading cumulative effects.<\/p>\n

Done properly, minimization protects ecological function and reduces long-term environmental, social, and financial liabilities for proponents.<\/p>\n

Step 3: Remediate to make impacts temporary<\/h2>\n

Once all feasible steps for minimization have been taken, it becomes appropriate to move on to\u00a0onsite remediation<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 rendering unavoidable impacts temporary through progressive reclamation, revegetation and decommissioning.<\/p>\n

Prioritizing remediation in already stressed landscapes reduces cumulative effects, restores ecological function and builds trust by demonstrating recovery during the life of a project, not decades later.<\/p>\n

Step 4: Offsetting is the last tool, not the first<\/h2>\n

The final step in the mitigation hierarchy is offsetting \u2014 the idea of restoring or protecting habitat elsewhere to compensate for what is lost to development. In theory, this promises no net loss, or even a net gain.<\/p>\n

In reality, it\u2019s the\u00a0riskiest and least reliable form of mitigation<\/a>, which is why it must be treated as a last resort. When offsetting is used in isolation, long after a project\u2019s design is locked in, it becomes a poor substitute for the harder, but more valuable, work of avoiding and minimizing impacts at the outset.<\/p>\n

As we stress in our report<\/a>, that kind of sequencing failure matters. Once decisions are made and footprints fixed, ecological losses can no longer be undone, and offsets are expected to\u00a0carry a burden they cannot realistically bear<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Offsetting should therefore function as a backstop \u2014 not a shortcut. Yet, it is\u00a0frequently looked to<\/a>\u00a0as if it were the first tool in the box rather than the last.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"An
An expansion of the Contrecoeur Marine Terminal at the Port of Montr\u00e9al is one of the projects under consideration by the Major Projects Office.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Christopher Katsarov<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A unified federal policy framework<\/h2>\n

Deploying the mitigation hierarchy is a technically simple approach to project planning, and it can make a substantial difference in getting projects built without unnecessary delays.<\/p>\n

It requires a planning mindset open to alternatives and a willingness to invest early in understanding ecosystems and community needs. The hierarchy also aligns with\u00a0Indigenous perspectives that view natural systems as interconnected<\/a>, offering pathways for more meaningful engagement.<\/p>\n

There is nothing new about this approach.\u00a0The mitigation hierarchy has guided major-project planning and financing in other countries for decades<\/a>\u00a0and appears \u2014 albeit inconsistently \u2014 across several federal policies. But in this moment of renewed ambition for \u201cnation-building\u201d projects, Canada has an opportunity to bring coherence and discipline to the management of environmental and social impacts.<\/p>\n

This is why we are calling for a unified federal policy framework, so that the mitigation hierarchy is applied consistently across federally supported projects. A clear hierarchy \u2014 applied early, consistently and transparently \u2014 would make decisions stronger, projects more credible and our commitments to biodiversity, climate, and Indigenous rights more than words on paper.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation on Dec. 11, 2025. By Justina C. Ray and Dave Poulton Over the summer, the Canadian government announced that it\u2019s setting up a Major Projects Office to\u00a0identify and [Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":67385,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2929,590,80,425,606,935,3025,2330],"class_list":{"0":"post-67383","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-carney","9":"tag-economy","10":"tag-environment","11":"tag-indigenous-people","12":"tag-industry","13":"tag-jobs","14":"tag-major-projects-office","15":"tag-work"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCanada - Thoughtful Journalism About Energy's Future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Last summer, the government of Canada announced its Major Projects Office will\u00a0identify and fast-track\u00a0projects deemed to be in the national interest.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/fast-tracking-without-foresight-canadas-risky-approach-to-major-projects\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Canada - 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