{"id":67368,"date":"2025-12-10T11:02:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T19:02:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=67368"},"modified":"2025-12-10T11:02:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T19:02:39","slug":"opinion-why-mark-carneys-pipeline-deal-with-alberta-puts-the-canadian-federation-in-jeopardy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/opinion\/opinion-why-mark-carneys-pipeline-deal-with-alberta-puts-the-canadian-federation-in-jeopardy\/","title":{"rendered":"Opinion: Why Mark Carney\u2019s pipeline deal with Alberta puts the Canadian federation in jeopardy"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation<\/a> on Dec. 10, 2025.<\/em><\/p>\n

By Stewart Prest<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The recently struck\u00a0memorandum of understanding<\/a>\u00a0(MOU) between Canada and Alberta is a high-stakes strategy that risks deepening already deep divides in Canadian politics.<\/p>\n

While the MOU touches on a number of issues, at its heart is a shared vision for a new pipeline from Alberta to British Columbia\u2019s protected northern coast.<\/p>\n

In effect, the deal offers a quid pro quo: Ottawa agrees to relax a range of federal environmental regulations \u2014 including a ban on tanker traffic in B.C.\u2019s north \u2014 and to support a pipeline in exchange for a commitment from Alberta to eventually\u00a0increase the price of carbon on industrial emissions in the province to $130 a tonne<\/a>.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s a vision negotiated without the involvement of either the B.C. government\u00a0or the Indigenous Peoples affected by the plan<\/a>. While the agreement calls for consultations with both groups, they are relegated to the status of secondary partners, with concerns to be addressed in the execution of the plan outlined by Ottawa and Alberta.<\/p>\n

A policy solution for an identity issue<\/h2>\n

The deal is clearly meant to bridge the gap between populist voters centred in the Prairie provinces and the rest of the country. But both the content and the process risks widening that gap, even as it deepens divisions elsewhere in the country.<\/p>\n

Simply put, Prime Minister Mark Carney is trying to find a policy solution to an identity problem, and doing so by picking sides rather than neutrally facilitating agreement.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s part of the polarized, populist identity in Alberta, in particular, to oppose Ottawa and Liberal governments. In fact, when Alberta Premier Danielle Smith referred to the MOU in front of the United Conservative Party (UCP) convention,\u00a0she was roundly booed<\/a>. Rather than being hailed as champion who had achieved valuable policy concessions, she was greeted as a traitor to the cause.<\/p>\n

Given the rude reception, it\u2019s not surprising that in recent days Alberta\u00a0has sought<\/a>\u00a0ways to limit its environmental commitments.<\/p>\n

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Read more:\u00a0How ideology is darkening the future of renewables in Alberta<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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Playing favourites in the federation<\/h2>\n

Over the longer term, the agreement risks legitimizing\u00a0the narrative of \u201cAlberta aggrieved\u201d<\/a>\u00a0by treating it as a distinct, sovereign jurisdiction entitled to special treatment.<\/p>\n

In fact, the trappings and language of the agreement seem to reinforce the idea that \u201cAlberta\u201d is a natural negotiating partner with \u201cCanada\u201d rather than part of Canada.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"A
A combination Alberta-American flies in the backyard of a house in Edmonton in June 2025. The MOU risks legitimizing Alberta\u2019s \u2018aggrieved\u2019 narrative.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Darryl Dyck<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The MOU\u2019s signing ceremony in Calgary \u2014 not the provincial capital of Edmonton or Ottawa \u2014 bore all the hallmarks of international treaty-making, complete with flags and a formal text in both official languages. The symbolism reinforced the image of the deal as a kind of grand bargain between Ottawa and oil country.<\/p>\n

While the federal government often strikes deals with provincial governments, this situation is quite different. It\u2019s a deal only with Alberta but it primarily involves British Columbia. The agreement therefore elevates Alberta to the level of a quasi-sovereign jurisdiction to be treated as an equal with Canada. B.C., site of any future hypothetical pipeline terminals, has been rendered a deal-taker, not a deal-maker.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, that\u2019s not how the federation is supposed to work. Just because the federal government has ultimate jurisdiction doesn\u2019t mean other regions don\u2019t get a say. It\u2019s hard to imagine the federal government striking a deal with Ontario about what should happen in Qu\u00e9bec without Qu\u00e9bec\u2019s involvement.<\/p>\n

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Read more:\u00a0Alberta has long accused Ottawa of trying to destroy its oil industry. Here’s why that’s a dangerous myth<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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B.C. fury<\/h2>\n

B.C. Premier David Eby\u00a0was accordingly furious with the<\/a>\u00a0federal government\u2019s approach<\/a>\u00a0before the deal was announced.<\/p>\n

\n
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\"A
B.C. Premier David Eby in Surrey, B.C., on Nov. 28, 2025.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Ethan Cairns<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Since then, while pointing out\u00a0weaknesses in the deal<\/a>, the NDP premier has also been at pains to show his willingness to work with Alberta on workarounds, including\u00a0an expanded Transmountain pipeline<\/a>\u00a0or another pipeline that\u00a0would leave the oil tanker moratorium in place<\/a>\u00a0on B.C\u2019.s northern coast.<\/p>\n

In leaving Eby out of the conversation, the federal Liberals have alienated a natural ally in their pursuit of economic development, forcing the premier to defend B.C.\u2019s status within the federation, the rights of the province\u2019s Indigenous communities and the province\u2019s\u00a0protected northern coast<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Great Bear Rainforest<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"A
A black bear is seen fishing in the Riordan River on Gribbell Island in the Great Bear Rainforest, B.C.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Jonathan Hayward<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Constitutional obligations to consult<\/h2>\n

Even more telling is the united reaction of First Nations. The Assembly of First Nations\u00a0has unanimously voted in favour<\/a>\u00a0of a motion calling for the MOU to be scrapped. In fact, the federal government may have put itself in legal jeopardy over its failure to consult prior to the MOU.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"A
Assembly of First Nations National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak speaks during a news conference in Montr\u00e9al on Dec. 6, 2025.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Graham Hughes<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

At some point, it will likely have to explain in court how it could be serious about consulting in good faith with Indigenous Peoples in accordance with its obligations under\u00a0Section 35 of the Constitution Act<\/a>\u00a0when the MOU gives the appearance of approving the project in principle before such conversations even begin.<\/p>\n

Offering ownership stakes to Indigenous groups in a project devised without their involvement is not consultation. Simply put, unless governments can show they\u2019re open to amending their plans in light of information they receive during consultations, they risk falling short of their obligations.<\/p>\n

Cracks in the Liberal coalition<\/h2>\n

While\u00a0polls suggest<\/a>\u00a0a majority of Canadians support the idea of a pipeline so far, the Liberals\u2019 own coalition shows some signs of fraying.<\/p>\n

Former environment minister Steven Guilbeault\u2019s\u00a0resignation from cabinet over the deal<\/a>, along with the resignations of multiple\u00a0environmental advisers<\/a>\u00a0to the Liberal government, suggest the party\u2019s reputation for environmental progress has taken a hit given the slow and fuzzy approach to climate action outlined in the MOU.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Other federal parties sense an opportunity. The Bloc Qu\u00e9becois has strongly denounced the deal and has\u00a0offered to support<\/a>\u00a0B.C. in its campaign to defend the province\u2019s autonomy. The move underscores the sensitivities that remain in Qu\u00e9bec around issues of provincial rights.<\/p>\n

Even more tellingly, federal Conservatives, perhaps initially dismayed by a deal uniting federal Liberals and Alberta Conservatives, are now putting\u00a0a motion before the House of Commons<\/a>\u00a0asking it to endorse the government\u2019s position on the MOU and make good on its commitments. The Liberals, for their part,\u00a0have vowed to vote against<\/a>\u00a0the motion, arguing that it only endorses part of the MOU.<\/p>\n

In effect, the Conservatives are seeking to turn the government\u2019s own MOU into a wedge issue against it. The Conservatives will likely continue to press the issue going forward given how the idea of a pipeline at any cost unites Conservatives and divide Liberals. Liberal MPs in B.C. and Qu\u00e9bec, in particular, will also likely feel torn between loyalty to the party and deference to the views of constituents opposed to the deal.<\/p>\n

In short, a pipeline intended to unify threatens to throw divisions into even sharper relief \u2014 even within the Liberal Party itself.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation on Dec. 10, 2025. By Stewart Prest The recently struck\u00a0memorandum of understanding\u00a0(MOU) between Canada and Alberta is a high-stakes strategy that risks deepening already deep divides in Canadian [Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":67375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[18,93,13,2478,41,95,2408,2876,76],"class_list":{"0":"post-67368","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-opinion","8":"tag-alberta","9":"tag-british-columbia","10":"tag-canada","11":"tag-danielle-smith","12":"tag-energy","13":"tag-fossil-fuels","14":"tag-indigenous-peoples","15":"tag-mark-carney","16":"tag-pipelines"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\npipeline - Thoughtful Journalism About Energy's Future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While the MOU touches on a number of issues, at its heart is a shared vision for a new pipeline from AB to BC\u2019s protected northern coast.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/opinion\/opinion-why-mark-carneys-pipeline-deal-with-alberta-puts-the-canadian-federation-in-jeopardy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"pipeline - 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