{"id":64643,"date":"2024-08-19T10:06:50","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T17:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=64643"},"modified":"2024-08-19T10:06:50","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T17:06:50","slug":"recent-us-supreme-court-decisions-are-already-slowing-climate-progress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/recent-us-supreme-court-decisions-are-already-slowing-climate-progress\/","title":{"rendered":"Recent US Supreme Court decisions are already slowing climate progress"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>This article was published by <a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/recent-supreme-court-decisions-are-already-slowing-climate-progress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grist<\/a> on Aug. 19, 2024.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>By <a class=\"byline-link\" href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/author\/akielly-hu\/\">Akielly Hu<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">During its last session, the Supreme Court\u2019s conservative majority dealt\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/politics\/these-supreme-court-decisions-just-made-it-harder-to-solve-climate-change\/\">blow after blow to federal agencies\u2019<\/a>\u00a0authority to draft and enforce policies, including those aimed at mitigating climate change. Its decisions have already created upheaval for courts considering issues ranging from the approval of a solar project to vehicle emissions rules. This has upended the legal landscape for judges and for regulators, and could slow climate progress as a result.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">The uncertainty has alarmed, but not surprised, legal experts who earlier this summer predicted that four rulings limiting federal authority could curtail the ability of the Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies to limit pollution, govern toxic substances, and mitigate global warming.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cIt\u2019s going to throw climate policy into many years of litigating what these cases actually mean when applied to individual rulemakings,\u201d said Deborah Sivas, an environmental law professor at Stanford University. \u201cThat\u2019s not good for the energy transition that we actually need to go through.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">In its most consequential ruling, the Supreme Court\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/regulation\/the-supreme-court-overturns-chevron-doctrine-gutting-federal-environmental-protections\/\">overturned the so-called Chevron doctrine<\/a>, which has since 1984 granted federal regulators broad leeway to use their expertise to interpret ambiguities in the law. Another ruling effectively\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/07\/01\/us\/supreme-court-statute-limitations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eliminated a six-year statute of limitations<\/a>\u00a0on lawsuits against federal regulations, opening the door to challenges against any policy regardless of how old it is. A lawsuit against the Securities and Exchange Commission\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/06\/27\/us\/politics\/supreme-court-sec-tribunal.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">invalidated the use of in-house administrative law judges<\/a>, jeopardizing a key enforcement mechanism used by more than a dozen agencies. And the conservative majority, ruling in Ohio v. EPA,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/equity\/supreme-court-blocks-an-epa-plan-to-curb-ozone-air-pollution\/\">blocked a federal smog reduction plan<\/a>, a victory for polluters and conservatives who have long argued that EPA regulations create undue burdens.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">The flurry of litigation stemming from those decisions started with the Supreme Court. On July 2, shortly after discarding Chevron, the court, in a case challenging the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/orders\/courtorders\/070224zor_2co3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission\u2019s approval of a solar energy project,<\/a>\u00a0sent the matter back to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Justices asked the lower court to reconsider it \u201cin light of\u00a0<em>Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo<\/em>,\u201d the decision overturning Chevron deference.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">That could be an issue, because the D.C. Circuit\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aboutblaw.com\/beI2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cited Chevron when it ruled in favor of FERC in February.<\/a>\u00a0Utilities had challenged the agency\u2019s decision to make a solar and battery storage facility in Montana eligible for benefits under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eelp.law.harvard.edu\/2019\/09\/public-utility-regulatory-policies-act-of-1978-purpa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 1978 law<\/a>\u00a0that requires utilities to purchase power from small renewable energy projects. Utility groups argued that the project in question shouldn\u2019t qualify because its combined power capacity exceeded the size allowed under that law. The D.C. Circuit, invoking Chevron, deferred to the agency in upholding its decision.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Sivas said the judges most likely will stand by their decision, but will have to explain their reasoning without relying on Chevron. Although this case ultimately could demonstrate the limits of Chevron in turning back regulatory actions \u2014 jurists, after all, have other precedents they can cite, including the Skidmore deference that favors agencies when they provide persuasive reasoning for their actions \u2014 it is indicative of the litigation to come now that the Supreme Court has \u201cwatered down the influence of agencies,\u201d she said. \u201cWe\u2019re already in the thick of it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Appellate judges, taking cues from the Supreme Court, have started returning cases to lower courts for reconsideration in light of the high court\u2019s latest rulings. Last month, the 5th Circuit asked a Texas district court to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/us-appeals-court-orders-judge-reconsider-biden-esg-investing-rule-2024-07-18\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">revisit its decision upholding a Department of Labor rule<\/a>\u00a0allowing retirement fund managers to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/newsroom\/releases\/ebsa\/ebsa20221122?_ga=2.61124907.623167088.1723738655-730861807.1723636024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">consider climate risks<\/a>\u00a0when making investments. Republican state attorneys general and fossil fuel companies considered the rule \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esgdive.com\/news\/labor-department-responds-to-republican-ags-appeal-of-esg-401k-rule-liberty-energy-chevron-doctrine\/711390\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arbitrary and capricious<\/a>,\u201d but the Texas court cited Chevron when rejecting their challenge in September. A reversal could imperil the ability of investors to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/business.edf.org\/insights\/climate-aligned-retirement-plans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">align financial decisions with climate action<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">In other cases, courts are asking litigants to explain how recent Supreme Court decisions could impact their claims. On July 30, for example, the D.C. Circuit Court asked the plaintiffs in lawsuits challenging vehicle emissions standards established by the EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/subscriber.politicopro.com\/article\/eenews\/2024\/07\/30\/dc-circuit-asks-how-chevrons-fall-could-affect-biden-car-rules-00171847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explain how the Chevron ruling and Ohio v. EPA change their arguments<\/a>. The rules represented a broader push by the Biden administration to cut emissions from the transportation sector, and could serve as an early test of how such climate policies might fare in a post-Chevron world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">It would be difficult to overstate the impact the fall of Chevron could have. Although the Supreme Court hasn\u2019t relied on the doctrine for the last\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legaldive.com\/news\/top-court-appears-mixed-on-keeping-chevron-deference-agency-power-relentless-loper-bright-scotus\/704927\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dozen or so<\/a>\u00a0years, lower courts have leaned on it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/oral_arguments\/argument_transcripts\/2023\/22-451_o7jp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roughly 17,000 times<\/a>\u00a0since 1984 to consider the legality of regulations governing everything from food safety to air pollution. They no longer have that long-standing precedent to guide them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Jason Rylander, legal director of the Center for Biological Diversity, said the impact of the Supreme Court\u2019s four recent decisions on these cases remains unclear, largely because the end of Chevron by design gives courts greater discretion to rule on agency interpretations of federal law. Until now, he said, Chevron deference \u201cput a small thumb on the scale\u201d in favor of agencies like the EPA. Now, courts must \u201ccome up with what they believe to be the best reading of the statute.\u201d They might agree with an agency, they might not. Either way, courts hold more power to reach their own conclusions, sowing greater uncertainty \u2014 especially among courts that lean conservative, such as the 5th and 11th circuits.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Sending cases back to lower courts for further review will almost certainly delay decisions, limiting the effectiveness of federal policies to address climate change and other issues. But an even greater impact may be felt by the agencies charged with taking those actions and already facing increasing scrutiny and lawsuits.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cAgencies will have to be even more careful than they already are to ground proposed regulations in the text of the statute and to explain why they believe that the regulation is consistent with Congressional intent,\u201d Rylander said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">More concerning, that ongoing legal chaos could discourage agencies from pursuing the bold policies needed to address the climate crisis, Sivas said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cIf the agencies don\u2019t think they can ever get these things past the judicial review,\u201d she said, \u201cthey\u2019re just not going to try to do it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">The elimination of Chevron is already a point of contention in debates\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.utilitydive.com\/news\/clean-energy-groups-states-appeal-ferc-transmission-planning-rule\/721873\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">over FERC\u2019s Order 1920<\/a>, a rule released three months ago that requires regions to engage in long-term transmission planning to facilitate the deployment of renewable energy. The rule has already faced legal challenges by groups like the Louisiana and Mississippi public service commissions, and opponents have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ferc.gov\/news-events\/news\/commissioner-mark-christies-statement-concerning-order-no-1920-and-us-supreme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cited the demise of Chevron<\/a>\u00a0as one reason jurists should deem the rule invalid. In another jarring example, lawyers for the U.S. Air Force recently told the EPA that the end of Chevron means the Air Force should not be required to heed an order to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/article\/2024\/aug\/12\/air-force-epa-water-pfas-tucson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clean up\u00a0PFAS-contaminated drinking water<\/a>\u00a0at Tucson International Airport in Arizona.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Meanwhile, the fossil fuel industry and other polluters, emboldened by the Supreme Court\u2019s recent decisions, have ramped up challenges to environmental regulations. In late July, Republican state attorneys general, rural electric cooperatives, and fossil fuel trade organizations\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/articles\/supreme-court-has-a-shot-at-stopping-another-epa-climate-rule\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked the Supreme Court to pause an EPA rule<\/a>\u00a0to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of coal- and gas-fired power plants. As in Ohio v. EPA, the plaintiffs are once again asking the high court to block the rule even as it wends through the D.C. Circuit. (The Supreme Court previously paused another EPA power plant emissions rule in 2016, the Obama-era Clean Power Plan, which never went into effect.) Legal experts say the outcome of Ohio v. EPA proves the Supreme Court is willing to take such far-reaching actions \u2014 and that it has clearly encouraged this request for an emergency pause.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cIndustry lawyers believe it is open season to go after regulations,\u201d Michael Gerrard, an environmental law professor at Columbia University, said. Corporate clients, egged on by Ohio v. EPA and other Supreme Court wins, have concluded that \u201cthe expense of the lawsuit is small compared to the benefit if they win,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">That attitude is clear from recent publications by major law firms encouraging clients to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crowell.com\/en\/insights\/client-alerts\/the-supreme-courts-double-hammer-to-agencies-loper-bright-and-corner-post-set-new-precedents-for-challenging-federal-agency-action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">challenge federal regulations<\/a>. \u201cNow is a great time to reassess whether to challenge existing rules or prior statutory interpretations,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/us-law-week\/five-things-companies-can-do-now-that-chevron-deference-is-dead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one major law firm recommended<\/a>\u00a0following recent Supreme Court decisions. Akin Gump, a global firm that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/646e3b899493ae261720e957\/t\/66798b882489016ae073aac5\/1719241628165\/FINAL_2024_Climate_Scorecard_LSCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">from 2019 to 2023 earned $7.9 million<\/a>\u00a0in fossil-fuel related lobbying,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.akingump.com\/en\/insights\/alerts\/the-top-10-takeaways-for-businesses-from-the-supreme-courts-three-big-administrative-law-decisions-in-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highlighted<\/a>\u00a0how the decision in Corner Post, which effectively ended the statute of limitations on challenges to government regulations, creates new opportunities for clients and recommended companies file their lawsuits \u201cin forums that are home to more conservative-leaning judges.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">The expected rise in challenges to environmental regulations is exacerbated by continued gridlock in Congress, Rylander said. Lawmakers are unlikely to revise laws to include detailed language outlining how agencies can act on climate change. That means federal agencies will need to increasingly lean on laws like the Clean Air Act \u2014 but they can\u2019t if they\u2019re thwarted by turmoil in the courts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cWe are at a critical point for climate action, and in the absence of Congressional legislation, we\u2019re going to be asking our federal agencies to do more and more with the statutory tools that they already have,\u201d Rylander said. \u201cIf courts start standing in the way of that, then it\u2019s going to be disastrous for meeting our climate goals and for humanity writ large.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>This article was published by Grist on Aug. 19, 2024. By Akielly Hu During its last session, the Supreme Court\u2019s conservative majority dealt\u00a0blow after blow to federal agencies\u2019\u00a0authority to draft and enforce policies, including those <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/recent-us-supreme-court-decisions-are-already-slowing-climate-progress\/\" title=\"Recent US Supreme Court decisions are already slowing climate progress\">[Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":64644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[109,80,14,606,812,598,2858],"class_list":{"0":"post-64643","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-climate-change","9":"tag-environment","10":"tag-featured","11":"tag-industry","12":"tag-regulations","13":"tag-us","14":"tag-us-supreme-court"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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