{"id":63703,"date":"2024-05-29T09:09:19","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T16:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=63703"},"modified":"2024-05-29T09:09:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T16:09:19","slug":"climate-change-and-mental-health-how-extreme-heat-can-affect-mental-illnesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/climate-change-and-mental-health-how-extreme-heat-can-affect-mental-illnesses\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate change and mental health: How extreme heat can affect mental illnesses"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation on May 28, 2024.<\/em><\/p>\n

By Peter Crank<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

During heat waves, hospital admissions for mental health\u00a0spike<\/a>. The past 10 years were the\u00a0hottest on record<\/a>, and as we prepare for another scorcher of a summer, it\u2019s time to take steps to increase our preparedness for extreme heat.<\/p>\n

The potential for heat stress, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are well known\u00a0hazards of extreme heat<\/a>. Yet, physical health is not the only factor to consider under extreme heat; mental health can also suffer. Many people can relate to the\u00a0sleepless nights during hot summer months<\/a>, as well as anecdotal experiences of irritation and aggression when thermally uncomfortable.<\/p>\n

But for those living with mental illnesses, the hazard of extreme heat is more dire than temperamental responses to day-to-day disruptions. From\u00a0my research<\/a>\u00a0in Phoenix, Ariz. and the\u00a0work of others<\/a>\u00a0during the 2021 heat dome in British Columbia, we know that the heat is exacerbating existing mental illnesses, increasing likelihoods of hospitalization and even death under warmer conditions for people with schizophrenia.<\/p>\n

The interactions between environment and health are increasingly identified by researchers as public health concerns\u00a0as air<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0water quality<\/a>\u00a0issues, as well as\u00a0death tolls from heat<\/a>, make headlines. Research has shown that lower socioeconomic groups,\u00a0racialized people<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0the unhoused<\/a>, are at greater risk of exposure to hotter conditions, while\u00a0older adults<\/a>\u00a0are more vulnerable to hotter conditions.<\/p>\n

Heat and mental illness<\/h2>\n
\n
\n
\"A
An encampment in Toronto in July 2020. People who are unhoused are among those at greater risk of exposure to extreme heat.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Chris Young<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The relationship between mental illness and temperature has only recently been quantified as medical records and understanding of mental illnesses have improved. My work as an urban climatologist focuses on the impact of urbanization and heat on human health. I explore the variety of unexpected impacts of heat on people. Specifically, I\u2019ve studied the population diagnosed with schizophrenia.<\/p>\n

Schizophrenia<\/a>\u00a0is a mental illness that disrupts transmission of information to the brain. The part of the brain most impacted also houses our\u00a0thermoregulatory functions<\/a>. It\u2019s the part that tells us we\u2019re too hot and to start sweating or we\u2019re too cold and should shiver to stay warm.<\/p>\n

So those with schizophrenia aren\u2019t able to respond to extreme heat the way the general population does; their bodies aren\u2019t telling them to take precautions. Further, the medications used to address schizophrenia also\u00a0raise core body temperature.<\/a>\u00a0This means that when taking the medication, people with schizophrenia are closer to the thresholds for heat stress and stroke than the general population.<\/p>\n

In studying hospitalizations for schizophrenia in Phoenix (where summertime overnight low temperatures are, on average, at 30 C) between 2006 and 2014, I found that minimum air temperature (the overnight low temperature) has a significant relationship to the number of hospitalizations for schizophrenia on that day and the following day. Around three per cent of all schizophrenia hospitalizations during that time period can be attributed to the overnight low temperature.<\/p>\n

The risk is highest in both extremely cold (lower than 3 C) and extremely hot conditions (higher than 30 C). These hospitalizations cost the Phoenix health-care system over US$2 million (in 2024 USD). Certainly, Canadians see much colder conditions than 3 C at night but rarely experience overnight lows above 30 C; however, the\u00a02021 heat dome<\/a>\u00a0resulted in over\u00a0600 deaths in B.C.<\/a>\u00a0and researchers found that\u00a0schizophrenia was the chronic condition most associated with risk of death during the extreme heat<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Extreme heat can have devastating impacts on those living with mental illness, our health-care system and our communities.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Cars
Heat rises off the pavement as cyclist and drivers make their way through an intersection in Gatineau, Que.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Sean Kilpatrick<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Schizophrenia is not the most common mental illness in Canada. However, it can serve as an example of how environmental issues can affect mental illness.\u00a0One in every five Canadians experiences a mental illness each year<\/a>. More than 250,000 Canadian youth experience major depression and systemic inequities exacerbated by disparities in treatment and care for those experiencing mental illness.<\/p>\n

While there are many different factors potentially contributing to mental illness, heat plays a pervasive role in a wide range of\u00a0mental health issues<\/a>. Taking what steps we can to reduce this burden on those living with mental illnesses may also have knock-on benefits to the rest of society, such as reduced use of hospital emergency departments during heat waves.<\/p>\n

Coping with climate change<\/h2>\n

So if climate change is continuing to bring hotter summers, what can be done to prevent these hospitalizations and deaths? There are measures that have broader benefits in addition to improving mental illness outcomes during extreme heat.<\/p>\n

A common first step is ensuring access for all Canadians to air conditioning.\u00a0Statistics Canada highlighted the importance of air conditioning for vulnerable populations<\/a>. Warming conditions mean parts of Canada that didn\u2019t need air conditioning 30 years ago can now become\u00a0oppressively hot inside buildings without proper cooling<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yet, air conditioning is\u00a0dependent on the electrical grid<\/a>\u00a0and continues to produce waste heat and greenhouse gas emissions. There is a better way: designing our cities to be greener. There are a lot of previously known benefits to greening cities; reducing the\u00a0urban heat island<\/a>, improving air quality and in some cases\u00a0increasing property values<\/a>\u00a0(both positive and negative outcomes).<\/p>\n

\n

Read more:\u00a0Residential green spaces protect growing cities against climate change<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

However, there are some mental health benefits too. I contributed to a\u00a0review of urban greenery mitigation science<\/a>\u00a0and highlighted the mental health benefits, including reduced depression, irritation and aggression.<\/p>\n

Urban green space has been shown to improve\u00a0mood, self-esteem<\/a>\u00a0and even\u00a0speed up recovery from illness<\/a>. So as the temperature spikes and you switch on the air conditioning and reach for the cold drinks, remember there are impacts to us all beyond just physical health, and pause to note how the heat is influencing your mood.<\/p>\n

Extreme heat will continue to impact Canada (and increasingly so as the climate changes). However, the negative impacts on the most vulnerable, including those living with mental illness can, in part, be reduced by taking steps to ensure our cities are benefiting us all.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation on May 28, 2024. By Peter Crank During heat waves, hospital admissions for mental health\u00a0spike. The past 10 years were the\u00a0hottest on record, and as we prepare for [Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":63704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[13,109,14,1722,2558,589],"class_list":{"0":"post-63703","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-canada","9":"tag-climate-change","10":"tag-featured","11":"tag-heat-wave","12":"tag-mental-health","13":"tag-weather"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nextreme heat - Thoughtful Journalism About Energy's Future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For those living with mental illnesses, the hazard of extreme heat is more dire than temperamental responses to day-to-day disruptions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/climate-change-and-mental-health-how-extreme-heat-can-affect-mental-illnesses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"extreme heat - 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