{"id":61877,"date":"2024-01-29T09:58:04","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T17:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=61877"},"modified":"2024-01-29T09:58:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T17:58:04","slug":"methane-state-of-play-part-2-measurement-matters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/methane-state-of-play-part-2-measurement-matters\/","title":{"rendered":"Methane state of play, Part 2: Measurement matters"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article was published by the Pembina Institute<\/a> on Jan. 23, 2024.<\/em><\/p>\n

By Amanda Bryant<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Two narratives about oil and gas methane are fighting for dominance in Canada. The first is a success narrative that says Canada, its provinces, and its oil and gas producers are hitting 40-45 per cent reduction targets years ahead of schedule. The second is a more skeptical narrative that highlights persistent underestimation and underreporting.<\/p>\n

In just the most recent example of these clashing narratives, the Alberta government recently\u00a0announced<\/a> that it achieved its target of a 45 per cent reduction from 2014 levels two years ahead of schedule. The announcement came just one week after a peer-reviewed\u00a0academic study<\/a> was published showing Alberta\u2019s methane emissions are underestimated by 50 per cent. This calls into question how much progress has been made. It also raises doubts about the utility of\u00a0relative reduction targets<\/a>\u00a0when baselines are unknown. This study is the latest in a\u00a0series of studies<\/a>\u00a0that show oil and gas methane in Canada (and\u00a0internationally<\/a>) is significantly\u00a0underestimated<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0underreported<\/a>.<\/p>\n

As we noted in\u00a0Part 1<\/a>\u00a0of this series, reducing methane emissions from oil and gas is now an international priority. Yet setting meaningful targets, developing sound policies, evaluating outcomes, and credibly telling success stories requires a still largely missing piece: comprehensive measurement data.<\/p>\n

But things are starting to change. Governments, research groups, and voluntary initiatives are improving methane inventories through measurement, leveraging a wide variety of technologies, pools of expertise, policies, and protocols.<\/p>\n

Measurement technologies<\/h3>\n

Handheld:\u00a0<\/strong>Instruments such as optical gas imaging (OGI) cameras and point analyzers (\u201cMethod 21\u201d) deployed by individuals on the ground, providing detailed, close-range component-level data.<\/p>\n

Vehicle:\u00a0<\/strong>Mobile ground labs equipped with sensors sample methane concentration while driving, providing detailed site-level data.<\/p>\n

Drone:<\/strong>\u00a0Drones allow operators to sample methane concentrations from the ground, while accessing hard-to-reach areas, achieving better quantification of emissions from elevated sources.<\/p>\n

Aircraft:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0variety of sensing technologies can be mounted on aircraft, enabling fast and comprehensive site- and region-level surveys.<\/p>\n

Satellite:<\/strong>\u00a0Satellites such as TROPOMI, MethaneSAT, and GHGSat determine methane concentrations from space, using sensors that detect reflected sunlight, enabling extensive international monitoring for large emitter events.<\/p>\n

Continuous:<\/strong>\u00a0 Sensors permanently situated at facilities collect data continuously, aiding the detection of intermittent and unpredictable leaks.<\/p>\n

Methane measurement is advancing<\/h3>\n

Government of Canada<\/strong>: Environment and Climate Change Canada is gradually incorporating more measurement data into its national inventory. One of the pathways to regulatory compliance in the proposed amendments to the federal methane regulations integrates continuous monitoring. The federal government has also announced $30 million in funding for a much-needed Methane Centre of Excellence that will advance measurement and enable the collection and analysis of measurement data.<\/p>\n

B.C.-UNEP collaboration:<\/strong>\u00a0Through the Methane Emissions Research Collaborative (MERC), the B.C. government conducted the first site-level aerial measurements in 2019. It is\u00a0now in a multi-year partnership with the\u00a0United Nations Environment\u00a0Programme (UNEP) to continue this work. The B.C. Energy Regulator has shown leadership by integrating the aerial survey data into its modeling and policy development as it works to strengthen its oil and gas methane regulations.<\/p>\n

U.S. EPA:<\/strong>\u00a0The U.S. EPA\u00a0recently proposed<\/a>\u00a0updates to its Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Subpart W. Effective January 1, 2025, the updated rules will cover a wider array of sources and industry segments, amend calculation methods, incorporate more empirical data, and enable improved accuracy and data verification.<\/p>\n

EU:<\/strong>\u00a0The EU\u2019s provisional\u00a0agreement on energy sector methane\u00a0significantly strengthens measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification requirements by requiring a shift from estimates to direct measurement of asset-level methane emissions at source, with a requirement for independent verification \u2013 including verification by the International Methane Emissions Observatory.<\/p>\n

Carleton University\u2019s Energy & Emissions Research Lab and St. Francis Xavier University\u2019s FluxLab:<\/strong>\u00a0Canada\u2019s leading methane measurement labs are advancing measurement and quantification methods and gathering vital data using a range of ground- and air-based tools. Researchers at these labs continue to publish\u00a0studies showing that methane emissions are significantly underestimated and underreported across Canada\u2019s oil and gas producing regions.<\/p>\n

Energy Emissions Modeling and Data Lab (EEMDL):<\/strong>\u00a0The University of Texas at Austin, Colorado State University, and the Colorado School of Mines are jointly leading several projects to improve methane data, including one to develop a U.S. methane census. The projects are sponsored by oil and gas companies including Cheniere, EQT, and Williams, who have provided US$50 million worth of funding.<\/p>\n

The Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP) 2.0:<\/strong>\u00a0Led by UNEP, OGMP 2.0 is a comprehensive, measurement-based international reporting framework for oil and gas methane emissions. The EU designed its recent\u00a0methane emissions regulations<\/a>\u00a0around OGMP 2.0, requiring duty holders to submit source- and site-level measurements.<\/p>\n

MiQ:\u00a0<\/strong>The\u00a0MiQ Standard\u00a0is a natural gas certification that integrates facility- and source-level surveys by independent auditors to determine methane intensity. In June 2023, MiQ and Highwood Emissions Management\u00a0published the first open-access, measurement-informed\u00a0methane intensity index<\/a>\u00a0for the U.S. natural gas sector.<\/p>\n

Veritas:\u00a0<\/strong>In December, U.S.-based organization GTI Energy\u00a0released<\/a>\u00a0its updated\u00a0\u201cVeritas\u201d protocols for measuring methane emissions along the natural gas value chain. The aim of the protocols is to enable “credible, consistent, and comparable<\/a>”\u00a0measurement. GTI Energy is also\u00a0developing<\/a>\u00a0a pathway to meet OGMP 2.0\u2019s measurement requirements.<\/p>\n

Opportunities for further action<\/h3>\n

While Canada\u2019s gradual integration of measurement data into the national inventory signifies progress, more work is needed to improve the national inventory. Canada should build strong measurement requirements into its oil and gas methane regulations, strengthen its greenhouse gas reporting program, and further revise its inventory methods to be more data-driven. It should likewise engage in robust stakeholder engagement to ensure the Centre of Excellence is designed conscientiously, in a way that leverages Canada\u2019s considerable pool of expertise, as well as the lessons from existing data-collection efforts.<\/p>\n

Canadian oil and gas companies can demonstrate leadership by setting ambitious methane reduction targets and developing concrete, actionable plans to meet them. Moreover, as the fourth largest crude oil and fifth largest natural gas producing industry in the world, Canada\u2019s oil and gas industry should participate far more in voluntary initiatives to measure, quantify, disclose, and reduce methane emissions. Credibly demonstrating methane reductions will be key to continued competitiveness as demand shifts toward low-carbon energy options. OGMP 2.0 now has 120 member companies based in 70 countries, but has only recently announced the first participating company based in Canada. MiQ now certifies more than 20 per cent of gas produced in the U.S., but none of the gas produced in Canada.<\/p>\n

Finally, Canada has a vibrant, leading-edge academic research space for methane measurement. Further partnerships with researchers are needed to foster continued valuable insights.<\/p>\n

To truly earn the methane success story and tell it credibly, governments and industry must build on existing efforts to provide the missing measurement piece.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article was published by the Pembina Institute on Jan. 23, 2024. By Amanda Bryant Two narratives about oil and gas methane are fighting for dominance in Canada. The first is a success narrative that [Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":61878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[109,80,14,16,970],"class_list":{"0":"post-61877","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-climate-change","9":"tag-environment","10":"tag-featured","11":"tag-oil-and-gas","12":"tag-pembina"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nmethane - Thoughtful Journalism About Energy's Future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Globally, measuring methane inventories is improving through technology, expertise, policies, and protocols.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/methane-state-of-play-part-2-measurement-matters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"methane - 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