{"id":61489,"date":"2023-12-27T12:31:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-27T20:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=61489"},"modified":"2023-12-27T12:31:43","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T20:31:43","slug":"climate-change-solutions-require-collaboration-between-politicians-scientists-and-entrepreneurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/climate-change-solutions-require-collaboration-between-politicians-scientists-and-entrepreneurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate change solutions require collaboration between politicians, scientists and entrepreneurs"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation<\/a> on Dec. 20, 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n

By Pierre Chaigneau<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Most Canadians agree<\/a>\u00a0something should be done about climate change. Yet, even though there is tremendous pressure on politicians to\u00a0do something<\/em>,\u00a0widespread discontent<\/a>\u00a0usually follows whatever action they may take.<\/p>\n

How can governments balance the desire for climate action with the usual discontent that follows any major climate regulation? Looking to the past reveals key insights.<\/p>\n

Half a century ago, the depletion of planetary natural resources was also a\u00a0major concern<\/a>, alongside the perceived\u00a0implications this would have for economic growth<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Indeed in 1990, the biologist Paul Ehrlich\u00a0lost his famous bet against economist Julian Simon<\/a>\u00a0when he predicted ten years earlier that prices of raw materials would increase over the long-term due to limited supply and increased demand. This outcome did not come to pass.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the reverberations of the government-supported\u00a0work of biologist Norman Borlaug<\/a>, who helped usher in the Green Revolution, were still being felt.<\/p>\n

Simply put, gloomy\u00a0Malthusian predictions<\/a>\u00a0of population collapse overlooked arguably more fundamental factors of human ingenuity and technological innovation \u2014 perhaps because their impact is so hard to predict and quantify.<\/p>\n

\n

Read more:\u00a07.5 billion and counting: How many humans can the Earth support?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

While natural resources may be limited (and the ecosystems we rely upon are fragile), alternative sources of energy can be perfected and new cultivation methods\u00a0can be invented<\/a>. Governments should remember the work of Borlaug and the insights it provides into promoting innovation when looking to address the climate crisis.<\/p>\n

Taxing carbon<\/h2>\n

Concern about climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions<\/a>\u00a0has grown exponentially since Simon and Ehrlich first made their wager in 1980. So much so that the\u00a02023 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28)<\/a>\u00a0ended with a statement of intent and pledges to move away from fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions.<\/p>\n

One commonly discussed mechanism to do so\u00a0are carbon pricing schemes<\/a>, or a carbon tax.<\/p>\n

It is\u00a0generally accepted among economists that carbon pricing schemes<\/a>\u00a0such as taxing pollution, subsidizing reductions in pollution, or establishing markets for emission rights, would help reduce emissions. These schemes can easily be justified on the basis that emissions are a textbook example of an \u201cexternality<\/a>,\u201d or a side effect of some economic activity on third parties.<\/p>\n

\n

Read more:\u00a0A carbon tax on investment income could be more fair and make it less profitable to pollute \u2013 a new analysis shows why<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Would such a move be effective, though? The available evidence shows that carbon taxes set at reasonable levels have a\u00a0limited to sometimes insignificant effect on individual behaviour<\/a>, although there are\u00a0variations across sectors and countries<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This limited effectiveness, and the fact that Canada only accounts for\u00a01.5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions<\/a>, suggests the planned massive increase of this tax by the Canadian federal government would have a very limited effect on global carbon emissions. It might also increase inequalities across the population, as some households\u00a0will be more impacted<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Moreover, substantial increases in carbon taxes to account for the social cost of externalities can permanently antagonize a fraction of the population with regards to climate policies, and even trigger popular protests.<\/p>\n

A planned increase in gasoline taxation triggered the widespread\u00a0\u201cgilets jaunes\u201d<\/a>\u00a0protests that paralyzed France for months. The current context is perhaps even more explosive due to high levels of inflation and\u00a0rising housing costs<\/a>\u00a0paired with higher interest rates.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"A
Supporters wait for federal Conservative leadership candidate Pierre Poilievre to arrive at an anti-carbon tax rally in Ottawa in 2022.\u00a0THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Patrick Doyle<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Considering this delicate political balance, it is perhaps not surprising that governments often make bold claims about the importance of mitigating climate change\u00a0without actually doing much<\/a>.<\/p>\n

When they take action, as Justin Trudeau\u2019s government did, they are criticized about the negative consequences\u00a0for the energy sector<\/a>, public finances and\u00a0the division of power between federal and provincial governments<\/a>. In the end, their decisions may also depend on\u00a0electoral considerations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

What shall they do? Wise politicians should remember the power of their words and set up proper incentives and infrastructure for the adoption of new technologies. By shaping the public discourse and hinting at future policies, they can direct the attention of scientists and entrepreneurs to specific issues who are better placed to find solutions to environmental problems.<\/p>\n

Simply put, the limits of political possibility mean governments can only do so much. It is essential that governments use their power to not just regulate, but incentivize innovation.<\/p>\n

Promoting innovation<\/h2>\n

In the next few years, the advancements could be the widespread adoption of solar power, nuclear power, carbon capture and electric cars. In a few decades, it could be\u00a0nuclear fusion<\/a>, some type of\u00a0geo-engineering<\/a>,\u00a0space-based solar power<\/a>\u00a0or another technology unimaginable today. At least if the\u00a0electric grid is updated accordingly<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This is something that governments can either hinder or facilitate. Other useful measures include investing in scientific research, as well as science, engineering and business education, and ensuring innovative firms can receive financing by cultivating a\u00a0well-developed financial sector<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

Read more:\u00a0Nuclear fusion breakthrough: Decades of research are still needed before fusion can be used as clean energy<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Likewise, mechanisms such as carbon taxation may be useful not primarily because of their direct effects on carbon emissions,\u00a0which are limited<\/a>, but rather because the signals that they send will spur technological innovation and the phasing-out of existing technologies. Through their words and actions, governments can help\u00a0shape the direction of technological innovation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

To fight climate change and other challenges, the world needs space and support for scientists who will revolutionize the technological environment and more entrepreneurs and financiers to help these technologies reach their full potential.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article was published by The Conversation on Dec. 20, 2023. By Pierre Chaigneau Most Canadians agree\u00a0something should be done about climate change. Yet, even though there is tremendous pressure on politicians to\u00a0do something,\u00a0widespread discontent\u00a0usually [Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":61490,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[322,80,14,266,1276,901],"class_list":{"0":"post-61489","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-business","9":"tag-environment","10":"tag-featured","11":"tag-government","12":"tag-politics","13":"tag-science"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nclimate change - Thoughtful Journalism About Energy's Future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Even though there is pressure on politicians to\u00a0do something about climate change,\u00a0widespread discontent follows any action they may take.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/climate-change-solutions-require-collaboration-between-politicians-scientists-and-entrepreneurs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"climate change - 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