{"id":61086,"date":"2023-11-28T09:37:45","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T17:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=61086"},"modified":"2023-11-28T09:37:45","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T17:37:45","slug":"why-some-experts-say-cop-events-are-distracting-and-need-fixing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/why-some-experts-say-cop-events-are-distracting-and-need-fixing\/","title":{"rendered":"Why some experts say COP events are \u2018distracting\u2019 and need fixing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>This article was published by <a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/cop28\/how-to-make-cop-better\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grist<\/a> on Nov. 28, 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>By <a class=\"byline-link\" href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/author\/tik-root\/\">Tik Root<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Diplomats, academics, and activists from around the globe will gather yet again this week to try to find common ground on a plan for combating climate change. This year\u2019s COP, as the event is known, marks the 28th annual meeting of the conference of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. More than 70,000 people are expected to descend on Dubai for the occasion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">In addition to marathon negotiations and heated discussions, the fortnight-long assembly will see all manner of marches, rallies, speakers, advocacy, and lobbying. But, aside from fanfare, it remains unclear how much\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/cop28\/\">COP28<\/a>\u00a0will, or can, achieve. While there have been signs that the United States and China\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/china-and-the-u-s-the-worlds-biggest-polluters-strike-a-climate-deal\/\">could deepen their decarbonization commitments<\/a>, countries have struggled to decide how to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/international\/loss-and-damage-fund-committee\/\">compensate developing countries for climate-related losses<\/a>. Meanwhile,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/cop28\/un-emissions-gap-report\/\">global emissions and temperatures<\/a>\u00a0continue climbing at an alarming rate.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">That has left some to wonder: Have these annual gatherings outlived their usefulness?<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">To some, the yearly get-togethers continue to be a critical centrepiece for international climate action, and any tweaks they might need lie mostly around the edges. \u201cThey aren\u2019t perfect,\u201d said Tom Evans, a policy analyst for the nonprofit climate change think tank E3G. \u201c[But] they are still important and useful.\u201d While he sees room for improvements \u2014 such as greater continuity between COP summits and ensuring ministerial meetings are more substantive \u2014 he supports the overall format. \u201cWe need to try and find a way to kind of invigorate and revitalize without distracting from the negotiations, which are key.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Others say the summits no longer sufficiently meet the moment. \u201cThe job in hand has changed over the years,\u201d said Rachel Kyte, a climate diplomacy expert and dean emerita of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. She is among those who believe the annual COP needs to evolve. \u201cForm should follow function,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd we are using an old form.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Durwood Zaelke, co-founder and former president of the Center for International Environmental Law, was more blunt. \u201cYou can\u2019t say that an agreement that lets a problem grow into an emergency is doing a good job,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s not.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Established in 1992, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an international treaty that aims to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the worst effects of climate change. Some 198 countries have ratified the Convention, which has seen some significant wins.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61090\" src=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1192\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1.png 1192w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1-1024x462.png 1024w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1-768x347.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1192px) 100vw, 1192px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61091\" src=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1150\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.png 1150w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2-1024x431.png 1024w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2-768x323.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1150px) 100vw, 1150px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61092\" src=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1158\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/3.png 1158w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/3-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/3-1024x492.png 1024w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/3-768x369.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1158px) 100vw, 1158px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_61093\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61093\" style=\"width: 1134px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-61093 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1134\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4.png 1134w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4-1024x441.png 1024w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4-768x330.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1134px) 100vw, 1134px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-61093\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/article\/cop27-is-over-what-did-it-achieve\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more: How fossil fuel phrasing played out at COP27<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_61094\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61094\" style=\"width: 1130px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-61094 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1130\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/5.png 1130w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/5-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/5-1024x343.png 1024w, https:\/\/energi.media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/5-768x257.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1130px) 100vw, 1130px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-61094\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/international\/loss-and-damage-fund-committee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Read more: The difficult negotiations over a loss and damage fund<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Dive deeper<\/strong>:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/international\/international-climate-finance-adaptation\/\">The decade-old broken climate promise that looms over COP28<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/cop28\/un-emissions-gap-report\/\">The world is careening toward 3 degrees of warming, UN says ahead of climate conference<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/cop28\/developing-countries-need-215-billion-a-year-for-climate-adaptation\/\">Developing countries need at least $215 billion a year for climate adaptation<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">The 1997 Kyoto Protocol marked the first major breakthrough, and helped propel international action toward reducing emissions \u2014 though only some of the commitments are binding, and the United States is notably absent from the list signatories. The 2015 Paris Agreement laid out an even more robust roadmap for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a target of holding global temperature rise<\/a>\u00a0to \u201cwell below\u201d 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above preindustrial levels, and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/english_paris_agreement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pursuing efforts<\/a>\u201d to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F).<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Although the path to that future is narrowing, it is still within reach,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/news\/the-path-to-limiting-global-warming-to-1-5-c-has-narrowed-but-clean-energy-growth-is-keeping-it-open\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to the International Energy Agency<\/a>. But, some experts say, relying primarily on once-a-year COP meetings to get there may no longer be the best approach.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cMultilateral engagement is not the issue anymore,\u201d Christiana Figueres said\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SrEsHiwWA8c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at a conference earlier this year<\/a>. She was the executive secretary of the Convention when the Paris agreement was reached, and said that while important issues that need to be ironed out on the international level \u2014 especially for developing countries \u2014 the hardest work must now be done domestically.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cWe have to redesign the COPs\u2026. Multilateral attention, frankly, is distracting governments from doing their homework at home,\u201d she said. At another conference a month later, she added, \u201cHonestly, I would prefer 90,000 people stay at home and do their job.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Kyte agrees and thinks it\u2019s time to take at least a step back from festival-like gatherings and toward more focused, year-round, work on the crisis at hand. \u201cThe UN has to find a way to break us into working groups to get things done,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd then work us back together into less of a jamboree and more of a somber working event.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">The list of potential topics for working groups to tackle is long, from ensuring a just transition to reigning in the use of coal. But one area that Zaelke points to as a possible exemplar for a sectoral approach is reducing emissions of methane, a greenhouse gas with more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide in the first 20 years after it reaches the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cMethane is the blow torch that\u2019s pushing us from global warming to global boiling,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s the single biggest and fastest way to turn down the heat.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">To tackle the methane problem, Zaelke points to another international agreement as a model: the Montreal Protocol. Adopted in 1987, that treaty was aimed at regulating chemicals that deplete the atmosphere\u2019s ozone layer, and it has been a resounding success. The pollutants have been almost completely phased out and the ozone layer is on track to recover by the middle of the century. The compact was expanded in 2016 to include another class of chemicals, hydrochlorofluorocarbons.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cIt\u2019s an under-appreciated treaty, and it\u2019s an under-appreciated model,\u201d said Zaelke, noting that it included legally binding measures that the Paris agreement does not. \u201cYou could easily come to the conclusion we need another sectoral agreement for methane.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family\">Zaelke could see this tactic applying to other sectors as well, such as shipping and agriculture. Some advocates \u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fossilfueltreaty.org\/endorsements#governments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">including<\/a>\u00a0at least eight governments and the World Health Organisation \u2014 have also called for a \u201cFossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty\u201d, said Harjeet Singh, the global engagement director for the initiative. Like Zaelke, Kyte, and others, he envisions such sectoral pushes as running complementary to the main Convention process \u2014 a framework that, while flawed, he believes can continue to play an important role.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cThe amount of time we spend negotiating each and every paragraph, line, comma, semicolon is just unimaginable and a colossal waste of time,\u201d he said of the annual events. But he adds the forum is still crucial, in part because every country enjoys an equal amount of voting power, no matter its size or clout.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-default-font-family hang-punc-medium\">\u201cI don\u2019t see any other space which is as powerful as this to deliver climate justice,\u201d he said. \u201cWe need more tools and more processes, but we cannot lose the space.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>This article was published by Grist on Nov. 28, 2023. By Tik Root Diplomats, academics, and activists from around the globe will gather yet again this week to try to find common ground on a <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/why-some-experts-say-cop-events-are-distracting-and-need-fixing\/\" title=\"Why some experts say COP events are \u2018distracting\u2019 and need fixing\">[Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":61097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[787,80,14,2452],"class_list":{"0":"post-61086","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-climate","9":"tag-environment","10":"tag-featured","11":"tag-united-nations"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>COP - 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