{"id":59737,"date":"2023-05-16T10:08:48","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T17:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energi.media\/?p=59737"},"modified":"2023-05-16T10:08:48","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T17:08:48","slug":"is-carbon-capture-viable-in-a-new-rule-the-epa-is-asking-power-plants-to-prove-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/is-carbon-capture-viable-in-a-new-rule-the-epa-is-asking-power-plants-to-prove-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Is carbon capture viable? In a new rule, the EPA is asking power plants to prove it"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article was published by Grist<\/a> on May 12, 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n

By Joseph Winters<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

For years, fossil fuel companies and utilities have touted carbon capture and storage, or CCS, as a way to cut climate pollution from the power sector. Now, federal regulators are asking them to walk the walk.<\/p>\n

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, on Thursday proposed a\u00a0new rule<\/a>\u00a0to nearly eliminate climate pollution from the nation\u2019s coal- and natural gas-fired power plants by 2040. In contrast to previously proposed regulations that required \u201cgeneration-shifting\u201d \u2014 forcing utility companies to replace their fossil fuel-fired power generators with renewables, a strategy that the Supreme Court\u00a0shot down<\/a>\u00a0last summer \u2014 the new proposal focuses on what\u2019s achievable using technologies like carbon capture and storage, or CCS.<\/p>\n

At least, they focus on what\u2019s\u00a0theoretically<\/em>\u00a0achievable based on optimistic projections from CCS\u2019s proponents. Although the EPA says CCS technology is \u201cadequately demonstrated<\/a>\u201d and \u201chighly cost-effective,\u201d experts are deeply skeptical that it can deliver on its promised emissions reductions. In the end, some told Grist that fossil fuel power plants could find it more economical to shut down and switch to renewable energy.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe EPA is calling the bluff on the power industry,\u201d said Charles Harvey, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. \u201cThere have been so many arguments that they\u2019ve made in favour of CCS as a mature technology. \u2026 Now the EPA is saying \u2018OK, you have to do it,\u2019 and I don\u2019t think they really can.\u201d<\/p>\n

To be clear, EPA\u2019s proposed standards don\u2019t mandate a specific emissions reduction strategy, since that was deemed beyond the EPA\u2019s authority by the Supreme Court. Instead, the agency put forward overall pollution caps, with different limits depending on the fuel facilities use (e.g., coal or natural gas), how frequently they run, and how long they plan to remain in operation. Starting in 2030, the rule would require almost all fossil fuel power plants to begin driving down their emissions, with the most stringent requirements for coal-fired power plants and the most frequently used natural gas plants.<\/p>\n

According to the EPA, its proposed rules would cut\u00a0617 million metric tons<\/a> of CO2 emissions through 2042 \u2014 an amount equal to about 40 per cent of\u00a0the power sector\u2019s emissions in 2022<\/a>. The agency highlights two technology-based \u201cpathways\u201d that power plants could choose: one based on CCS, which uses chemical reactions to strip carbon out of the emissions that come out of a facility\u2019s smokestacks, and the other involving hydrogen, which can be blended with natural gas to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n

Industry groups have promised much from CCS, saying that it can \u2014 or will \u2014 be capable of capturing\u00a090 per cent<\/a> of a power plant\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions, and the EPA\u2019s 680-page proposed rule making seems to take those promises at face value. The document cites a long history of research into the technology, as well as declining costs for its deployment, thanks to unprecedented funding for CCS included in the Biden administration\u2019s 2022\u00a0climate spending law<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But despite this long history, CCS doesn\u2019t have a strong track record of actually sequestering carbon \u2014 especially for the power sector, where\u00a090 per cent<\/a>\u00a0of proposed carbon capture capacity has failed or never gotten off the ground. In the 2010s, the Department of Energy supported five demonstration projects with some\u00a0$2 billion in funding<\/a>, but only one ever became operational. That project, attached to a coal-burning power plant near Houston, Texas, called Petra Nova, closed in 2020, leaving just one commercial power plant in the entire world still using carbon capture: the Boundary Dam coal plant in Saskatchewan, Canada.<\/p>\n

The EPA highlights Boundary Dam in its proposed rule making but does not note that the facility only captures about half of its CO2 emissions, far short of its targeted 90 per cent.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s not feasible to decarbonize using carbon capture and storage,\u201d said Bruce Robertson, an energy finance analyst for the nonprofit Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. \u201cA far more effective way is to produce renewable electricity,\u201d the cost of which has fallen precipitously in recent years. One paper published in 2021 found that cost reductions in wind and solar reduced the value of CCS by up to\u00a096 per cent<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Even utilities that were once bullish on CCS have in recent months seemed to reverse course, suggesting that the EPA\u2019s technology-based standards might not be so easy to meet with CCS after all. As reported by\u00a0Time<\/a>, some three dozen utility companies submitted a\u00a0comment<\/a>\u00a0to the EPA last summer highlighting the \u201clow likelihood\u201d that CCS would be appropriate for use in the agency\u2019s power plant regulations. They criticized the EPA for pointing to pilot projects as evidence of CCS\u2019s viability. \u201cA proposed or developing project \u2026 is not proof of a technology being available,\u201d the utilities wrote.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s hard to say what kind of political considerations ultimately shaped the agency\u2019s new proposal. Whether the EPA believes in CCS or is deliberately using it as a \u201ccudgel<\/a>\u201d against power plant operators \u2014\u00a0potentially a backdoor approach to encourage a switch to renewable energy without technically mandating it \u2014\u00a0is unclear. The EPA did not directly respond to Grist\u2019s request for comment on generation-shifting and instead said it had considered \u201ca range of technologies\u201d in developing its proposed carbon pollution standards.<\/p>\n

Still, many environmental advocates are not a fan of the EPA\u2019s approach, regardless if there\u2019s a broader strategy behind it. Even if power plants could capture 90 per cent of their carbon pollution, experts say there\u2019s no guarantee that the carbon would then be stored in perpetuity. Only about one-fourth of all the carbon dioxide captured annually \u2014 mostly from processing raw gas into liquefied natural gas \u2014 is injected into dedicated underground storage reservoirs, and Harvey, the MIT professor, said it\u2019s \u201can unresolved issue\u201d whether it will stay put long-term. Almost all of the rest of the world\u2019s captured carbon is used for \u201cenhanced oil recovery,\u201d a process where CO2 is pumped into oil fields in order to push more fossil fuels out of the ground. When burned, these fossil fuels release carbon back into the atmosphere, exacerbating global warming.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is just perpetuating the use and reliance on fossil fuels,\u201d Abbe Ramanan, a project director for the nonprofit Clean Energy Group, told Grist. Ramping up carbon storage, she added, would require developing a vast, expensive, and\u00a0potentially dangerous<\/a>\u00a0network of CO2 pipelines. And CCS fails to address other pollutants like nitrogen oxides, which could continue to come out of power plants and harm nearby communities.<\/p>\n

Jason Rylander, legal director for the nonprofit Center for Biological Diversity\u2019s Climate Law Institute, said the EPA\u2019s proposed regulations are likely to \u201cpass muster\u201d with the Supreme Court, but yearns for a more aggressive approach. \u201cEPA has done what it can with this program, but it has failed to do what it must to address the climate emergency,\u201d he said. Instead of endorsing CCS, he urged the Biden administration to declare carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases \u201ccriteria pollutants<\/a>,\u201d which would require the EPA to declare national ambient air quality standards, or NAAQS, for them.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf this administration wants to get serious about climate,\u201d Rylander said, \u201cit will stop approving new polluting projects and it will do a comprehensive pollution rule under NAAQS.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article was published by Grist on May 12, 2023. By Joseph Winters For years, fossil fuel companies and utilities have touted carbon capture and storage, or CCS, as a way to cut climate pollution [Read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":59738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1947,80,582,14],"class_list":{"0":"post-59737","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-ccs","9":"tag-environment","10":"tag-epa","11":"tag-featured"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\ncarbon capture - Thoughtful Journalism About Energy's Future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energi.media\/news\/is-carbon-capture-viable-in-a-new-rule-the-epa-is-asking-power-plants-to-prove-it\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"carbon capture - Thoughtful Journalism About Energy's Future\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article was published by Grist on May 12, 2023. 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